Albinism is a genetic condition that affects the production of melanin, the natural pigment responsible for giving colour to the skin, hair and eyes. It can result in a person born into a Black family having very light skin, white or yellow hair and certain vision problems.

The condition is present from birth and affects people of all races, ethnicities and backgrounds. However, it is more prevalent in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa.

According to global estimates, albinism affects approximately one in every 17,000 to 20,000 people worldwide. It occurs when a person inherits genetic variations associated with the condition, usually from both parents. Parents may have ordinary skin and hair pigmentation while carrying genes associated with albinism.

There are several types of albinism, with the two main categories being Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA), which affects the skin, hair and eyes, and Ocular Albinism (OA), which primarily affects the eyes.

People with albinism may have very light skin, white or yellow hair, sensitivity to bright light and varying degrees of visual impairment. They are also at increased risk of developing skin cancer because reduced melanin leaves their skin more vulnerable to ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Although there is currently no cure for albinism, appropriate healthcare and preventive measures can help people with the condition lead healthy lives. These include regularly applying sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, avoiding excessive exposure to direct sunlight and attending routine eye and skin examinations. Some people may also benefit from prescription glasses and other visual aids.

Beyond the medical challenges, people with albinism continue to face discrimination, stigma and harmful misconceptions in some communities, particularly in parts of Africa. False beliefs linking the condition to curses, witchcraft or supernatural powers have contributed to their exclusion, mistreatment and, in some cases, violence.

However, albinism is neither a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another nor the result of witchcraft. It is a scientifically recognised genetic condition that requires understanding, medical attention and social acceptance.

Raising awareness about albinism is therefore essential in challenging discrimination, protecting the rights and dignity of people with the condition, and ensuring they have equal access to education, employment, healthcare and other opportunities.

A little more informed. A little more connected.