Mu gihe ku isi ikibazo cy’amazi meza gikomeje kuba ingorabahizi, abahanga bakomeje kwerekana ko hari amazi aba munsi y’ubutaka ashobora gufasha isi n’abayituye muri rusange.
Nk’uko rero bamwe mu bahanga mu bijyanye n’umutungo kamere babivuga, amazi menshi ari mu butaka bw’Afurika yiganje cyane muri Libya, Algeria, Egypt na Sudani yamagepfo…
Bakomeza bavuga ko hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kuyatunganya, akaba yagabanya ikibazo cy’ibura ry’amazi. Iyo urebye bumwe mu buryo bukoreshwa muri Africa, harimo amariba yacukuwe n’intoki, ibyobo bijya mu kuzimu gukogota amazi (Borehole), n’amasoko karemano.
Ibihugu bimwe, bimaze gufata ingamba zo gushakisha uburyo byakemura ikibazo cy’amazi adahagije. Afurika y’Epfo ifite imigezi ibiri minini: umugezi umwe, uva Cape Town ugana Gqeberha (umujyi uri kuri kilometero 750). Iyi miterere y’aya mazi ifite ubuso bwa 37.000km² n’uburebure kuva kuri metero 900 kugeza kuri metero 4000. Andi mazi menshi ari muri Cape Flats.
Biteganijwe ko muri 2036, hafi miliyari 5 z’amadorari (hafi miliyoni 274$) zizaba zarashowe mu gushakisha ayo mazi. Bazatanga hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’amazi mu rugomero rwa Berg River, rutanga hafi 20% by’amazi mu mujyi wa Cape Town.
Andi mazi menshi yo ku mugabane wa Afurika, arimo amazi ya kera gusa yafashwe. ni «Nubian Sandstone» muri Afurika y’amajyaruguru. Ifite kilometero zigera kuri miliyoni 2, ikazenguruka Libya, Egypt, Sudani y’epfo na Tchad. Ifite ibirometero birenga 150.000km³ by’amazi yo mu butaka (amazi arenze ayo uruzi rwa Nile rufite isoko mu Rwanda rusohora mu myaka 500).
Ibihugu bigenda byinjira muri uyu mushinga wo gushakira hamwe umuti w’ikibazo cy’amazi kandi byemeranijweho kubikora neza byose bifatanyije kubikoresha. Libya yafashe umushinga ukomeye wa Made-Made wo kuvoma amazi mu birometero amagana uvuye ku mucanga wa Nubian kugera ku nkombe hakoreshejwe imbaraga za rukuruzi. Inzitizi zo gukoresha amazi yo mu migezi zikomeje kugaragara hirya no hino ku isi.
Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma mugihe ubikoresha nk’isoko y’amazi. Intera iri hagati y’amazi n’aho amazi akenewe ishobora kuba inzitizi. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe two muri Afurika, usanga harimo intera ndende, aho usanga abana n’abagore bitwaje indobo kandi bagenda ibirometero byinshi.
Kubaka imiyoboro n’ibikorwa remezo bigaragara nkibihenze kandi bamwe ubushobozi ari bucye, Ikibazo gifitanye isano n’uburebure busabwa gucukura amazi mu butaka, bushobora gutwara amafaranga menshi, Ubwoko bwa X-ray bukozwe hejuru kugirango hemezwe niba hari umutungo wamazi mu butaka akwiye gukoreshwa, hanyuma hakabaho amafaranga yo gucukura ayo mazi kandi ubwiza bway’amazi buba bukemangwa.
Rimwe na rimwe yanduzwa n’ibikorwa bya muntu; rimwe na rimwe amazi afata ibiranga ibintu bikikije ubutaka. Urugero ni hanze ya Gqeberha, ifite rimwe mu mariba manini yacukuwe mu majyepfo y’isi. Itanga hafi litiro 100 ku isegonda. Kubw’amahirwe ibyuma birimo amazi biri hejuru y’ubuziranenge busabwa.
Agomba gusukurwa mbere yuko akoreshwa, Gukoresha amazi y’ubutaka budashoboka kurenza urugero biragenda biba rusange mu bice bimwe na bimwe, cyane cyane imijyi. Cape Town na Nairobi baratangaza amakuru y’amazi arimo gucukurwa kugirango abaturage bayifashishe.
Ahantu hagaragaye amariba yumye kandi amazi agabanuka vuba aha. Ibikorwa by’inganda, ubuhinzi n’imiti yamenetse nabyo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mazi y’ubutaka. Kurenza urugero bishobora kandi gutuma amazi y’inyanja yinjira mu mazi y’ubutaka. Ibi bikaba byateza ikibazo kuko amazi y’inyanja aba arimo imyunyu myinshi kandi ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko amazi yo mu butaka hasi aba ari meza.
Amazi menshi y’inyanja yimuka kugirango asimbuze amazi meza yavuye mu migezi, kandi bikaba bifite ingaruka mbi ku bushobozi bwo kubika amazi hamwe n’ubuziranenge bw’amazi y’ubutaka bikaba byaragaragaye mu mazi amwe yo ku nkombe.
Kubona amazi akenewe nubwo bigiteye impungenge, ariko hari amazi yo mu migezi minini ndetse n’inyanja afite ubushobozi bwo gutanga amazi hafi ku bice byose bya Afrika.
Ikindi rero abantu benshi bahurizaho, ni uko babonako amazi yo mu butaka ari kimwe mu bisubizo byo kubura amazi, ariko ntabwo ari igisubizo cyose. Agomba gukoreshwa mu buryo butuma aboneka igihe kirekire.